拟穴青蟹Cactus基因的cDNA克隆、序列及生物学功能

为获取拟穴青蟹Cactus基因cDNA全长、分析基本生物学信息,并初步探索其在病原物刺激下的免疫反应,实验采用RACE技术获得了拟穴青蟹Cactus(SpCactus)基因的cDNA全长序列,其cDNA全长为2035 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1311 bp,编码436个氨基酸,分子量为46.01 ku。对蛋白理化性质进行预测发现,SpCactus为亲水性蛋白,等电点pI为4.91。经预测,SpCactus与其他物种的IκB蛋白具有相似的功能结构域。同源性比对结果显示,SpCactus与凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾的Cactus蛋白同源性均高达62%,相似度为73%。系统进化树分析显示,SpCactus与甲壳动物聚为一支,与无脊椎动物聚为一大支。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测发现,SpCactus基因在拟穴青蟹不同组织中均有表达,肌肉中的表达量最高,其次为心脏、眼柄、血液和鳃,肝胰腺中的表达量最低。LPS和金黄色葡萄球菌刺激均能显著诱导SpCactus基因的表达。本实验成功扩增了SpCactus基因全长,并进行了生物信息学分析、理化性质预测,初步探讨了其生物学功能,为进一步研究其在免疫反应中的生物学功能提供参考依据。     

Effects of Different Processed Products of Radix Codonopsis on Intestinal Flora of Rats with Spleen Deficiency

[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Meth...     

实木家具的拆装式结构实现路径探究

遵循结构合理、体积缩小、组装方便、外形美观的设计原则,从拆装式节点实现形式、整体结构拆装方式二个维度系统阐述了实木家具拆装结构实现路径,并对榫自锁可拆式、连接件可拆式两种实木家具拆装式节点形式及椅类、桌台类、柜类、床类家具的整体结构可拆装方式进行了详细介绍,以期为实木家具的结构优化及平板化包装提供思路。     

The effects of diet supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus on tissue parameters of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

This study was carried out to establish the effects of a 6 week treatment with the diet supplemented with L. rhamnosus in concentrations of 10⁷ CFU g^?1 (G1 group) and 10⁸ CFU g^?1 (G2 group) on the condition expressed by condition factors (Fulton's, Clark's and B), intestinal microbiology, haematological, histological and selected antioxidative parameters of rainbow trout. A significantly higher condition factors were found in G1 group indicating that higher concentration of probiotic (10⁸ CFU g^?1) did not result in the better condition. Cholesterol and urea levels were significantly higher in both G1 and G2 groups, albumin in G1 and creatinine in G2 group with respect to control. A significantly higher liver TBARS level was observed in G2 group. The feeding with supplemented probiont apparently changed the resident microbiota. Three weeks after withdrawal of the supplemented feed, the microflora mostly reverted to the control composition, although L. rhamnosus in faecal matter of fish remained inherent. The epithelial structure of the proximal and distal intestine revealed the increased absorptive area in both treated groups, as well as the increase in the mucin‐secreting goblet cells. The L. rhamnosus‐treated groups demonstrated the capacity for the augmentation of the innate host defence.     

Differential response to disturbance factors for the population of sympatric crocodilians (Gavialis gangeticus and Crocodylus palustris) in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary,India

1. Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary along the Indo‐Nepal border in India harbours a well‐known breeding gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) population in its global distribution range together with a substantial population of breeding muggers (Crocodylus palustris). However, no systematic information on size and structure is available for either of the species' populations in the protected area.
2. This study was undertaken in winter and the ensuing summer of 2010–2011 to estimate the relative population density and structure of the two crocodilian species and to examine the effect of various disturbance factors, with the main focus on the effects of tourism and illegal fishing on the behavioural attributes of the two species.
3. Five daytime surveys were conducted from December 2010 to April 2011. Relative density based on encounter rate (number per 20 km) was highest for gharial juveniles followed by gharial adults and gharial sub‐adults in all the five surveys. Muggers, on the other hand, showed the opposite trend, with the lowest encounter rate being for juveniles, followed by sub‐adults and adults. The encounter rate of both species declined with increase in the mean ambient temperature from December to April.
4. The river habitat was divided into 2 km segments and disturbance factors were recorded at intervals of 100 m on both river banks. Wariness was taken as an indicator of response to disturbance caused by human beings and was measured from mechanized boats used for tourism and non‐mechanized boats used for illegal fishing.
5. Segments with sandbars, in spite of moderate to high disturbance rate, were preferred for basking by both species. In conclusion, with suitable habitat for basking, gharials and muggers were observed to tolerate moderate levels of disturbance. Wariness resulting from disturbances from the non‐mechanized boats was higher than that from the mechanized boats. Gharials tend to avoid humans, possibly with age/size acquired experience and knowledge, whereas muggers become more tolerant to human presence with increased age/size.
6. Despite many disturbance factors, the crocodilian population in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is doing relatively well compared with populations in other habitats in India. With the involvement of local stakeholders and strict implementation of forest laws, the habitat can be further improved and a healthy gharial population can be ensured.

     

王氏唇柱苣苔的离体培养及遗传稳定性

以王氏唇柱苣苔(Chirita wangiana)叶片为外植体进行组培离体快繁研究,并利用流式细胞术对组培苗进行遗传稳定性分析。结果表明:最佳初代诱导培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;最适继代培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS培养基添加0.5 mg/L IBA和15 g/L蔗糖,所有生根培养基获得的组培苗移栽驯化成活率达到92%以上。组织学切片检测表明,王氏唇柱苣苔叶片为外植体所形成芽体均为器官发生方式形成。流式细胞术检测表明,组培苗倍性没有变化,基因组大小与母本相比仅发生了1.86%的减少;染色体数目为2n=36,跟母本一致,植株形态特征上也无变异。研究结果可为王氏唇柱苣苔的园艺应用快速提供大量遗传稳定的种苗。     

柚木繁育技术研究进展

柚木为马鞭草科柚木属落叶或半落叶高大乔木，具有材用、药用、观赏等多种用途。简要介绍柚木的生物学特性及分布现状，综述柚木种子繁殖、扦插繁殖、组织培养技术及栽培管理的研究进展，展望其发展前景，以期为相关研究工作提供参考。     

正红505玉米花丝多糖结构及其降血糖活性分析

采用水提醇沉法提取正红505玉米花丝中的多糖成分,通过核磁共振波谱法(NMR)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱法(FTIR)及气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)研究该多糖的单糖组成及结构,借助噻唑蓝比色(MTT)细胞试验,研究多糖CSP505对大鼠胰岛细胞RINm5F和人体肝脏细胞HepG2的降血糖活性。结果表明,多糖CSP505可能是一种由D-葡萄糖和D-半乳糖组成的β构型的多糖,其中葡萄糖和半乳糖的比约为3∶1。随着多糖浓度的增加,RINm5F细胞存活力随着增强,加药组中多糖以200、500、1000μg/mL浓度与四氧嘧啶共同作用时,细胞存活率分别提高了16.1%、16.1%、21.1%,达到极显著差异(P0.01);HepG2细胞存活能力也增强,加药组中多糖分别以200、500、1 000μg/mL浓度作用于细胞时,细胞存活力分别为100.4%、101.4%、103.3%。与阴性对照组相比较,加药组中在3个浓度的多糖作用下,腺苷酸环化酶(ADCY4)、糖原磷酸化酶(GPBB)和糖原合酶(GYS2)浓度表现出显著或极显著差异,而cAMP在浓度为1 000μg/mL时也表现出极显著差异。结果表明,该多糖可通过促进ADCY4与cAMP的合成来使胰岛素分泌增加,且可通过抑制糖原分解并促进糖原合成等过程起到降低血糖的作用。     

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

呋喃磺草酮原药中主要杂质的结构鉴定及其合成

针对HPPD除草剂呋喃磺草酮原药生产中产生的3个质量分数均大于0.1%的主要杂质,通过高效液相色谱、核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱对3个杂质的结构进行了结构鉴定,发现其中2个为未见文献报道的化合物。结合生产工艺对杂质产生的路径进行了分析,并成功进行了合成。该研究对呋喃草酮原药质量控制和安全产生具有重要意义。